Administrative distance
Administrative distances between home and host countries calculated using the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) by the World Bank. This dataset contains 786 173 observations across 16 variables:
ID_o: character string indicating the home country (origin) and the year.
ID_d: character string indicating the host country (destination) and the year.
ID: character string indicating the countries forming each country pair (ISO3 code) and the year.
Cultural distance
Cultural distances between 78 home and 78 host countries (6084 country pairs) calculated using the Kogut & Singh (1988) index based on Hofstede’s (1980, 1988, 2010) cultural dimensions scores. This dataset contains 6084 observations across 5 variables:
country_pair: character string uniting the origin and the destination.
origin: character string indicating the first country (ISO3 code) of the country pair.
destination: character string indicating the second country (ISO3 code) of the country pair.
Psychic distance (Hakanson and Ambos, 2010)
Data on psychic distance aggregated at the country level for 625 country pairs (25 home countries and 25 host countries). The dataset contains 625 observations across 4 variables:
country_pair: character string uniting the origin and the destination.
origin: character string indicating the first country (ISO3 code) of the country pair.
destination: character string indicating the second country (ISO3 code) of the country pair.
Economic distance
Economic distances between 259 home and 259 host countries (66 953 country pairs) calculated using the difference in GDP in USD for each year from 1960 to 2019 (World Bank data). This dataset is a tibble containing 2 663 653 observations across 8 variables:
ID: a character string indicating the country pair (ISO3 code) and the year.
ID_o: a character string indicating the home (origin) country and the year.